Monthly Archives: August 2016

CNN/Money reports that the second test flight of the Airlander 10 has ended in a slight incident:

The 300-feet long Airlander 10 nosedived on its return to an airfield north of London after spending more than an hour and half in the air.

“The Airlander experienced a heavy landing and the front of the flight deck has sustained some damage which is currently being assessed,” Hybrid Air Vehicles, the British company behind the aircraft, said in a statement.

The company did not explain what caused the crash but said all planned tasks were completed during the flight. The pilots were unhurt, it added.

New flight craft always encounter bumps along the way. The nice thing about it happening with lighter than air craft is that it’s more often survivable.

Here are some random instances of beauty:

Joshua Sokol has published an article in NewScientist (13 August 2016, paywall) on potential ocean life in the solar system. I found a sidebar on the nature of life on Saturn’s moon Titan to be particularly interesting.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/University of Idaho

Astrobiologists have speculated that any life there might run on an entirely alien chemistry. Some suggest that microbes could make a living by breathing hydrogen and eating organic molecules like acetylene and ethane. The Cassini probe has spied evidence of chemical activity in Titan’s atmosphere that seems consistent with the idea.

There could, of course, be non-biological explanations for this activity, but the only way to know what causes it is to visit Titan. No such mission has yet been signed off, but recent work has given us fresh impetus by suggesting that the moon’s ice-cold chemistry would offer the toolkit required to make weird analogues of the molecules that support life on Earth.

In 2015, a team at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, constructed a flexible, cell-membrane-like structure using only the ingredients and conditions available on Titan. Earlier this year, Martin Rahm, also at Cornell, and colleagues did some modelling to show that Titan should possess the chemicals required to create even more complex molecules.

Hydrogen cyanide is abundant in Titan’s atmosphere and should rain down on the surface, but it doesn’t appear to build up there. Instead, Rahm suggests, hydrogen cyanide combines with other molecules when it lands, forming larger ones made of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen called polyimines – and these could form the backbone of an alternative biology.

At terrestrial temperatures, these chemical structures would fall apart. In the cryogenic seas of Titan, however, they would be preserved and could take on a wide array of forms, some of which could carry out primitive versions of the reactions in living cells here on Earth. Rahm says they might even float to the surface of tidal pools as membrane-like films, or as mats of stacked, crystalline molecules.

Trying to visualize an entire ecology built along these lines, at the low temperatures present on Titan, leaves me breathless.

Osotua.

LIFE isn’t easy as a Maasai herder on the Serengeti plain in eastern Africa. At any moment, disease could sweep through your livestock, the source of almost all your wealth. Drought could parch your pastures, or bandits could steal the herd. No matter how careful you are, or how hard you work, fate could leave you destitute. What’s a herder to do?

The answer is simple: ask for help. Thanks to a Maasai tradition known as osotua – literally, umbilical cord – anyone in need can request aid from their network of friends. Anyone who’s asked is obliged to help, often by giving livestock, as long as it doesn’t jeopardise their own survival. No one expects a recipient to repay the gift, and no one keeps track of how often a person asks or gives.

— “The kindness paradox: Why be generous?” by Bob Holmes, NewScientist (13 August 2016, paywall)

The cultural struggles in Iran have analogies in the United States – but are far more sharply delineated, due to the overtly religious nature of the country. Take this report by Rohollah Faghihi in AL Monitor:

Hard-liners say [President Rouhani’s Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance Ali] Jannati is crossing the red lines of the 1979 Islamic Revolution’s values, while Reformists charge that he is retreating in the face of criticism and attacks by conservatives.

During the past decade, concerts have rarely made waves, but ever since Rouhani took office, concert organizers have repeatedly faced obstruction and consequent cancellation.

To avoid concert cancellations, which damage Rouhani’s approval ratings, the administration has issued a circular to prevent other state bodies such as the judiciary and the police from calling them off. The circular states that the police isn’t allowed to stop concerts. Jannati has said that based on the new law, singers shall request permission to hold a concert from the Ministry of Culture, while the police is only to deal with traffic around the venue. In response, the deputy head of Iran’s armed forces, Gen. Masoud Jazayeri, ordered the police to continue “dealing with ethical and misbehavior anomalies in places, including concert venues.” …

The judiciary and police in the province have recently stopped planned concerts by acclaimed traditional singers such as Shahram Nazeri and Salar Aghili. Explaining the cancellation of Aghili’s concert, Khorasan Razavi’s General Prosecutor Gholam-Ali Sadeghi said, “There were some problems regarding the content and performance of concerts, as well as the outfits of the audience. … This led to different classes of people [such as] seminarians and senior clerics complaining to the prosecutor’s office about concert performances in the religious capital of Iran.”

The hardliners may even be upsetting the notoriously conservative Supreme Leader Khamenei:

” … Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei is an artist, poet, musicologist and scholar.”

The supreme leader has in the past expressed his views on music and concerts. In a notable speech two decades ago, he said, “The music in our region hasn’t been used for higher goals, which is in contrast to the path of music in Europe. You know that I am naturally anti-Western. Nothing in the West fascinates me. At the same time, I approve of the positive characteristics of the West. One of those attributes is music. … Informative and meaningful music has long existed there. … In the West, sometimes a nation has been saved by music.”

Properly abstracted, it’s battles over power cloaked in religion.

Reminds me of the history of the Vatican.

I’ve been pondering whether or not to respond to an email missive I received a few days ago. On the one hand, it’s a deceptive crock of shit, which I detest especially when it’s used to attack anyone. On the other hand, I get tired of digging through crocks of shit, and no doubt my readers tire of it as well.

But it’s bugging me.

So here’s the mail in totality:

The problems begin and end with context, specifically those of President Truman and of the Clintons. Let’s set them.

President Truman, successor to the Presidency after the death of President Roosevelt in 1945, was a machine politician, which is to say he worked for the Democrats and did what he was told until he achieved higher office. Not that he lacked leadership skills, as he demonstrated in his military service during WW I, rising to Major before discharge, but his political career was more to fill positions that needed filling than as a standout politician; even his selection to run for VP was as a second choice.

His education was undistinguished, not attaining a college degree.

Finally, his environment: a world devastated by two World Wars. While certain individuals, such as the Kennedys, were wealthy, there wasn’t a lot of loose change waiting to be swept up by casual janitors, and Truman wasn’t even willing to do that – refusing corporate endorsement opportunities, etc. As a poor businessman prior to his political career, he had little to build and live on, and basically survived on the Presidential pension.

A reader comments about water & cities:

“It is not overly dramatic to say that the world’s “use once and throw away” attitude has enabled a slow-motion water apocalypse.”

I posit that our population is already beyond the carrying capacity of the Earth; we’ve been borrowing from the future in our usage of water, crop land, forests, and hydrocarbon fuels for decades.

Someone needs to develop a virus which causes sterility in all post-infant humans alive today, so that there is not another birth until those infants (and those in gestation) grow to adulthood. And even that might not be enough of a dip in population. I suspect the “adjustment” will be a lot more nasty than that fanciful notion when it comes.

In my darker moments I figure it’s going to be a nasty plague which will leave the survivors with two tasks: burying the dead and learning how to restrain our reproductive capabilities to stay within the carrying capacity.

How we step over the “all [human] life is sacred” line, without justifying casual murder, will be quite an accomplishment. Cordwainer Smith approached that problem in his two Norstrilia stories – when a child reached the age of majority, they were examined by representatives of the government (the “Instrumentality”) as to whether they would be contributing members of society, and those who didn’t pass were humanely killed. The criteria were skipped over, as it wasn’t really the point of the series.

I suspect we’ll never get there, and will instead discover population dynamics apply to humans as well as deer, wolves, and other creatures which consume resources. We’re just good at dodging the bullet, as it were.

Controversy has come to a subject that’s a kissin’ cousin (sorry) to sex robots – child sized robots and allied Virtual Reality (VR) constructs for pedophiles. Aviva Rutkin reports on it in NewScientist (13 August 2016):

But what if dolls like these could help rather than hurt? Ron Arkin, a robotics engineer at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Kate Darling, who studies human-robot interaction at MIT argue that virtual reality and sex robots might function as an outlet to redirect dark desires towards machines and away from real children. If it works, it could help past offenders reintegrate harmlessly into society as well as helping prevent those who have never offended from doing so.

I’m puzzled – should these two be considered expert on what is basically a psychological subject? But here’s one:

… [Patrice Renaud, a psychologist at the University of Montreal, Canada,] began to wonder if VR pornography could do better, and avoid the moral concerns posed by real pictures. In a series of experiments, he and his team showed that non-deviant men and sexual offenders both responded realistically to VR stimuli. …

But so little is known – what will happen if a pedophile is given free rein with a child sized sex robot?

But Renaud cautions that it may also have the opposite effect: a bot could normalise the behaviour and promote “the need to go further and to cross the line with real victims”.

A real dilemma. We may have a treatment for pedophilia to hand – or a tool for removing the last restraint for those who’ve not indulged. And we really don’t know offhand. If there’s some way to discover which we have, without exposing a pedophile to it, then that’s the way to go – but what if there isn’t? What if it’s just a matter of trying it?

Do you do it?

Adding to the swirl of Saudi Arabian politics are concerns about the impending American Presidential election, as Bruce Riedel reports in AL Monitor:

Trump is a scary unknown for the Saudis. His vitriolic anti-Muslim rhetoric and tough talk about countries that preach radical Islam is seen as a threat. They noticed that in his foreign policy speech last week, Saudi Arabia was not included in the list of friends of America (Trump listed Israel, Egypt and Jordan but none of the Gulf states). He did talk about how poor Saudi visa vetting let al-Qaeda extremists into the United States before 9/11.

Trump promises to tear up the Iran deal but he seems to be in cahoots with Russian President Vladimir Putin. He has no foreign policy experience and his advisers aren’t known for their expertise on the Gulf. Trump has also said that the United States should have kept Iraq’s oil wealth after the 2003 invasion, a very alarming precedent for the kingdom.

Clinton, as secretary of state, is a well-known figure in Riyadh. The Saudis are much more comfortable with her and her advisers, and have a long history with the Clintons. They were extremely disappointed that Bill didn’t press Israel harder and tougher in 2000 to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict when they thought he would. Instead, he blamed the Palestinians.

Clinton sought to advance political reform in Bahrain during the Arab Spring, which helped prompt the Saudi intervention on the island. She was part of the Obama team that dumped Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. She backed the Iran deal. Riyadh expects a Clinton White House to be a continuation of Obama, whom they soured on years ago. Continuity is not what the Saudis are hoping for in US policy.

So the Saudi royal family is rather gloomy – neither candidate looks sympathetic to their concerns. Which are …

Riyadh sees the ever closer relations between Iran, Russia, Syria, Hezbollah and Shiite Iraqis as a fundamental shift in the strategic environment in the Middle East. One Saudi commentator with close connections to the royal family labeled the Russian deployment a strategic “shock” that demonstrates how badly the United States underestimated Iranian and Russian aggressive intentions.

The Saudis always feared the Iran nuclear deal would end Tehran’s pariah status and give it more strategic options. Saudi efforts to buy off Moscow have been a failure. …

Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir is a veteran America watcher. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef is the most pro-American prince since King Fahd. As defense minister, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has sought to reassure Washington that he is ready for prime time despite his inexperience. Riyadh has bought over $110 billion in arms from Obama. But there is no confidence in the Saudi leadership about the future of American leadership. Meanwhile, Putin and Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei are growing closer. Saudi paranoia about Iran is exaggerated but nonetheless a reality unlikely to change.

Note the sweet red limbs of this babe of the Swiss.

Swiss Chard, it is.

For those who worry that the United States is becoming a vast land of intolerant shitheads, here’s a bit of relief: CNN reports on a waitress stiffed out of a tip because the customers thought she was an illegal immigrant (she was born in the USA), and how the community rallied around her:

When locals heard what happened, a group of residents wrote a note to the waitress.

“We appreciate and value your hard work in taking care of the people in the community…you are the one who belongs in downtown,” the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance letter said.

Included with the note: a tip. A substantial one.

Gotta hope the folks who indulged in this fine fit of xenophobia heard about the response. To me, it’s a profound violation of American ideals of generosity towards those who work with and for us to treat the waitress in such a thoughtless hostile manner.

For the record, the Pew Research Center reports illegal immigrant flow has been falling under the Obama Administration:

Which, on first blush, suggests we’re returning more illegals home than are entering. However, there are other factors, such as deaths, voluntary returns, and no doubt others that don’t occur to me at the moment.

While I have not written about it here, any time I see the word Mycoremediation (the use of fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants) I get a little excited because, well, because it’s using a natural ability of nature to clean up after ourselves, with a hopefully justified presumption that the mushrooms produced are either edible, or can be disposed of safely. And, of course, there’s no extra use of energy, noxious chemicals, or mechanical displacements. I first heard about it years ago in connection with the removal of diesel fuel contaminated soil, possibly as far back as my BBS days, and I keep hoping it’ll come into greater use.

So I was pleased to see Treehugger.com cover the use of fungi to safely handle the disposal of smartphone batteries. Take it away, Megan Treacy!

Researchers at the University of South Florida have created a process for extracting lithium and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries that is straight from nature. The researchers found that fungi can safely and simply extract the metals from used batteries, keeping the materials out of landfills and ready to be reused in new batteries.

The batteries are first taken apart and the cathodes are pulverized. Then three different strains of fungus — Aspergillus niger, Penicillium simplicissimum and Penicillium chrysogenum — take over.

“Fungi naturally generate organic acids, and the acids work to leach out the metals,” explained Jeffrey A. Cunningham, Ph.D., the project’s team leader, to the American Chemical Society. “Through the interaction of the fungus, acid and pulverized cathode, we can extract the valuable cobalt and lithium. We are aiming to recover nearly all of the original material.”

Processes used to recycle batteries and other electronics can require high temperatures and harsh chemicals and can be unsafe. The fungi are able to recover the valuable metals safely and, as a bonus, it’s very inexpensive.

The process isn’t quite as efficient as I’d like to see, and the extracted material isn’t ready for re-use – but it’s a step on the path, and a really cool step.

Grave of the Vampire (1972, aka Seed of Terror) is a study in twin morbid fascinations, but unfortunately for the movie makers, it’s not how they wanted it to be. The story of a vicious, ancient vampire who occasionally rapes his victims rather than drains them, his victims, and his inadvertent son who hates him, kills him, and tragically then inherits both his powers and his lusts.

The good part of the movie is, despite how the above sounds, the story. At each commercial break my Arts Editor and I would stare and each other and say, “I can’t imagine where they’re going with this!” From the detective who we thought would be the hero of the day, but ends up … well, metaphors fail me … to the student who, upon attending the vampire’s class in folk-tales, decides that he must be a vampire, and that she’d like to be his vampire wife as well, the movie has several twists that have you at least wondering which rabbit hole we’re going down next.

The bad part of the movie? The actors, whoever they were (not a single name I could recognize), who were, for the most part, so wooden you could have built a shed out of them. Little chemistry, leaden delivery, their delivery left us wondering how they ever completed this movie. The son of the vampire appears completely disinterested even when women are coming on to him, staring into space as if he’s wondering why he ever took this acting job. Worthy of a treatment by MST3K, they’re so bad.

So, if you have a certain curiosity about films that are just so bad, yet in some ways vaguely competent, this might be one to see.

A reader identifies the green car:

Three portholes on the side? Six-cylinder Buick Roadmaster. Hard to pin down the date without a view of the grill, but start with 1949.

Thanks.

Sally Adee at NewScientist (13 August 2016, paywall) covers how some cities and water mix poorly:

Beyond Rio, evidence of our disregard for the wet stuff is all around, and it is starting to bite. Beijing has sucked so much water out of the ground that the city is sinking by 11 centimetres a year. That’s positively glacial compared with parts of California’s Central Valley, which are dropping by 5 centimetres per month.

In Connecticut, nuclear power plants have shut down for lack of water to cool the furious reactions inside, and coal power stations in India have shut due to droughts.

China has been facing water issues for decades, but a point was put on the issue this May when the citizens of Lintao, of 200,000 people and located basically in the center of China, found they no longer had water. From Marketplace‘s Rob Schmitz:

Lintao is in Gansu province, in China’s arid northwest, situated along the Tao River, a tributary of the Yellow River. The combination of a drought and a surge of urban development means the city’s underground water supply has dwindled to dangerously low levels, leaving tens of thousands of people without easy access to the precious resource.

Experts fear Lintao could be a sign of things to come.

“Four hundred Chinese cities now face a water shortage. One hundred and ten cities face a severe water shortage. This is a very serious problem,” says Liu Changming, a retired hydrologist for the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.

China is home to more than 20 percent of the world’s population, but it contains only 7 percent of the world’s fresh water. Liu, who advises China’s leaders on water policy, says all of China’s so-called “water scarce” cities are in northern China, home to half a billion people, and a region that contributes nearly half of China’s economic growth. Former Chinese premier Wen Jiabao once called northern China’s water shortage “a threat to the survival of the Chinese nation.”…

According to Wang Shucheng, China’s former minister of water resources, at current rates of water extraction, many cities in northern China — including Beijing, home to more than 20 million people — will run out of water in 15 years.

Wang said this 11 years ago.

Rob goes on to detail several water transfer projects, but explicit is the question: what about those who were consuming the water now being transferred? Implicitly, are we beyond carrying capacity? The South China Morning Post covers a report by The Nature Conservancy, summarizing it thusly:

Not sure what it is exactly. Should have asked the middle aged lady dressed as a flapper if it was hers’ – and if we could get to pose with it. But here’s what we have.

(Edited to remove double link)

NewScientist (13 August 2016) reports that if you’re a mouse with Down’s Syndrome, doctors may be able to help you:

Several compounds have improved memory and learning in a mouse version of the condition, suggesting that its cognitive effects can be changed. Until recently, this idea was unthinkable, says Mara Dierssen at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain. …

People with Down’s syndrome seem to have fewer neurons in some brain areas, fewer connections between neurons, and altered neuron behaviour.

In both mice and people, a molecule called NKCC1 seems to be involved. Reducing levels of this compound in neurons taken from Down’s syndrome mice makes them sprout more connections, Laura Cancedda of the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa told the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, last month.

In 2015, her team found that using a drug called bumetanide to block this molecule made Down’s syndrome mice perform as well as other mice in memory tests. The drug is already used to treat heart disease, and trials in adults with Down’s syndrome are set to start towards the end of this year, says Cancedda.

There’s been some evidence suggesting Prozac given to pregnant women carrying a Down’s child may be helpful. This has led to an interesting blockade in testing:

[Carol] Tamminga [at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center] has now begun a small placebo-controlled trial of Prozac in pregnant women. However, she has found that many families would rather try Prozac themselves than risk being allocated to the trial’s placebo group. “Those who are potentially interested in doing this are doing it anyway,” she says.

When my father was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and recommended for an experimental study, it was not a blinded study, so we knew which arm he landed in, and I recall vividly our relief that he was in the arm in which the new treatment would be studied; the other arm was a standard treatment. Given the morbidity of pancreatic cancer, it seemed going experimental was the best approach.

Since Prozac is easily procured, I can see how desperate parents would decide on self-medication, despite the dangers and unknowns.

Finally, and reminiscent of some in the deaf community, comes objections from those who value Down’s Syndrome patients for themselves:

Rather than trying to develop drugs, it would be better to change our education and work systems to enable people with Down’s syndrome to live fuller lives, says Simone Aspis at the UK campaign group Changing Perspectives.

I glanced around the Changing Perspective website but didn’t find anything on this subject. To me, not working on resolving the disability seems like madness, unless you believe there’s a divinity which has commanded that a child shall have a severe disability. That, too, seems like madness.

The Vampire (1957) is an old fashioned tragedy: a man is cursed through no fault of his own, and, despite his best efforts, will meet his doom at the hands of the gods Er, a pill – well, that lacks punch, doesn’t it? But I might as well say it: Much like Oedipus, his fate is seemingly inescapable.

In this case a doctor in a small town is accidentally dosed with the experimental pills developed by a researcher to regress animals to more primitive states. As the evening comes along, he (inexplicably) changes into a monster that attacks whoever is nearby, indulging in an exceptionally neat neck nibble which results in their death. He awakens at home, restored physically and amnesiac, but soon tormented with visions of his fatal actions.

His victims, meanwhile, after dying decompose at an accelerated rate due to the virus the doctor carries in his saliva. It certainly takes care of any untidy extra vampires, but why this is necessary is not clear.

Finally, horrified at his nightly excursions, he decides to be honorable and commit suicide, but is delayed in this effort by a valiant nurse who he then terrorizes as he makes one more trip into the land of terrors. Eventually the police intervene and he’s put down. Uh, killed.

There is little to think about in this movie. Don’t take the pills your daughter brings you, perhaps? The characters are living their everyday lives or fighting for them; little growth is achieved. And as medical pills are substituted for the remarks of an oracle, it’s difficult to place it in a greater context. Oedipus Rex, which my Arts Editor and I saw on the stage at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival last year, is a play of horror, which in my view was written to enforce respect for the gods. This movie is more about the random horror that can occur in the most placid small American town – and it’s just not all that convincing. He can struggle all he likes – but the scriptwriter is implacable in his plans.

This is not to condemn everything. Cinematography, audio, and makeup are all good, and the acting is at least competent (although the psychiatry professor is miscast – he comes across as almost a good old boy, rather than an academic). But the story is at fault, as it throws away a couple of interesting characters without exploring them, and fails to develop the other characters to any great degree.

Perhaps others will like it more, but I cannot recommend it.

Carl Engelking on Discover Magazine’s D-brief blog is reporting the possibility there’s an Earth-like planet orbiting in the Proxima Centauri system – the closest such system to our own, at 4+ light years.

The ante for hyping a new exoplanet discovery is a little higher these days, but if rumors are true, this one makes the grade: astrophysicists from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) plan to announce they’ve spotted an Earth-like exoplanet orbiting the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, in its habitable zone. This, according to an anonymous source quoted in a report that appeared Friday in Der Spiegel.

“The still nameless planet is believed to be Earth-like and orbits at a distance to Proxima Centauri that could allow it to have liquid water on its surface—an important requirement for the emergence of life,” the source said.

Carl throws a little cold water on the flames of curiosity:

Although media reports say the rumored planet orbits in a region that’s potentially favorable for life, these smaller stars are less stable, and Proxima Centauri is known to have violent flares at times. Its occasional tantrums have made astronomers skeptical of finding life around red dwarf stars in the past.

Dental calculus is a hardened form of dental plaque. In an offline article for Archaeology entitled “Worlds Within Us,” (September / October, 2016, pp. 38-43) Samir Patel reports on a new branch of archaeology – the intersection of field archaeology, dentistry, and genetics:

The mouth is the microbial equivalent of a rainforest, teeming with creatures, interspecies warfare, cataclysms. Some of these residents for a film on your teeth, colonies stuck together with DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Left unbrushed, this plaque, for reasons that aren’t really known, occasionally fossilizes in your mouth to form tartar, dental calculus. Calculus is tough and almost universally observed clinging to the teeth of adult skeletons discovered at archaeological sites. For many years this material was ignored, discarded, and otherwise overlooked, as were human bones prior to the introduction of modern archaeological practices. …

Now? With the increase in understanding of the microbiome, the web of life becomes a more salient concept. Although not the first sample published, the Dalheim burials has had a rich yield.

[Christina] Warriner and her coauthors – 32 in total from a range of disciplines – catalogued, from the mouths of four medieval individuals, 40 opportunistic pathogens, including species associated with cardiovascular disease, meningitis, and pneumonia, as well as what might be the oral ancestor of modern gonorrhea. They sequenced the entire genome of Tannarella forsythia, a cause of periodontal disease. They saw dietary DNA from pigs, cruciferous vegetables, and bread wheat. They looked for proteins as well, and found ones associated with pathogen virulence, others produced by the human immune system, and beta-lactoglobulin, a durable dairy protein.

Etc etc. A veritable hoard of information which will further shape our perceptions of the environment and living conditions of our ancestors. Will our insistence on clean teeth deprive future archaeologists of information about us?

Deb’s been a little frustrated with our broccoli plant.

Maybe ‘cuz it grows up with big leaves – but nothin’ to snack on.

The St. Paul Pioneer Press covers the rampaging duck here.

From an offline-only article in Archaeology entitled “Romans on the Bay of Naples,” by Marco Merola, comes the word lapilli:

A team of archaeologists and conservators worked to remove mud and lapilli (small stones ejected by a volcanic eruption) and to expose and clean the stunning wall  paintings emerging from the debris.

Having been to Naples, Herculaneum, and Pompeii many years ago, I was fascinated by the article, picturing the work near the magnificent Bay of Naples, wondering just what the villa looked like in its day.

Before the lapilli started falling.

A reader observes the Trump memorabilia and revolts me:

If that actually was Trump if could feed a lot of hungry people.

Oy. Who would have such poor taste?