The Highway System is Going to Shrink

Recently, the director of the Iowa Department of Transportation Paul Trombino made these remarks about the highways his department is responsible for in Iowa:

I said the numbers before. 114,000 lane miles, 25,000 bridges, 4,000 miles of rail. I said this a lot in my conversation when we were talking about fuel tax increases. It’s not affordable. Nobody’s going to pay.

… And so the reality is, the system is going to shrink.

There’s nothing I have to do. Bridges close themselves. Roads deteriorate and go away. That’s what happens.

And reality is, for us, let’s not let the system degrade and then we’re left with sorta whatever’s left. Let’s try to make a conscious choice – it’s not going to be perfect, I would agree it’s going to be complex and messy – but let’s figure out which ones we really want to keep.

And quite honestly, it’s not everything that we have, which means some changes.

Many DOT directors around the country privately admit to a similar kind of thinking, but Mr. Trombino is the first to say it aloud to the public, for which he should be lauded — and emulated.  Because the cold, financial truth is, we have way overbuilt our national roadway system compared to what we can afford or be willing to pay to maintain.  We’ve done this because as a result of a 60-year experiment with auto-oriented infrastructure, cheap money (borrowing) and faulty government policies and incentives that have aided and abetted this flawed idea.

For the last few decades, I have been become increasingly thoughtful about auto-centric planning and its profound impact on our nation’s infrastructure and urban development.  Many people never really think about our country’s decaying infrastructure until they blow a tire when their auto runs over a neglected pothole, but even the densest politician realizes our transportation infrastructure is broken.  Conventional wisdom suggests we should throw a lot of money at our decaying road, bridge and rail system to fix it.

I insist that no new roads should be built until the nation’s existing road infrastructure is fixed.  This may seem a little draconian given the fact politicians love to name new roads after themselves, but it’s become obvious that infrastructure planning over the past 60 years has revolved around the automobile rather than people.   Some would even suggest transportation planning was more of a social experiment than any real attempt to develop a limited but effective transportation system.

Regardless of one’s point of view, our current infrastructure planning requires quite a bit of rethinking.  Especially at the city level, we lost sight of what the infrastructure is there for — the people.

The indicator species of a successful city is not the automobile, it’s people.

Current Project, Ctd

An update on this project and the informal methodology I’m adopting.  The BNF approach has, as previously noted, simplified the work necessary for syntax – the work has been mostly done for me.

It also appears the semantics are also greatly simplified, at least when it comes to recording them.  I’ve been very slowly working on the DTD section of XML, which requires various options for recording allowable data formats.  I decided to take the naive approach of simply recording the metadata in question as implied by the BNF, and I’m now predicting this will be very useful when the time comes to actually implement the strictures implied by the DTD.  And it appears that it just works.

Typically, I’d try to be clever and probably wrap myself around an axle or two; here I’m letting the BNF tell me what metadata is important and, given their Validity Constraint notes, how to save it and apply it.  No real cleverness, just paying attention to the spec.  I really can’t emphasize this enough – my usual tendency to be clever (or cleverly obvious) is being suppressed here, and that’s unusual.  Except you could say that I’m being cleverly obvious by taking this approach.

Interestingly, I’ve also observed something similar about Mythryl, the implementation language.   In general, once you can get something to compile, it does what you want it to do, at least at the top levels – No Debug Necessary.  In C and MODeL (a C-based OO language – company proprietary), my primary development languages, once you start writing anything complex, compilation is only the first step.  Once you have it compiling, then the loosy-goosy type systems mean you can have written something that is illegal in the last analysis – but not in the first analysis, i.e., the compilation.

The extremely tight type system of Mythryl quite often means that compilation can be quite laborious, but once you’ve satisfied the type checker, your code is now so good that you don’t need to worry about it.

This is not 100% certain.  I’ve found when working with parsers, I can often get it wrong and it still compiles.  I suspect a language expert could tell me exactly why.  (It does make intuitive sense – and has something to do with parsers working with languages.)  But it happens often enough that the lead has coined the phrase It Just Works.  (To help realize that dream, he’s written an informal tutorial on how to write better code in Mythryl.)

Speaking of parsers and the XML parsing project, I also plan to use a different parser to test the DTD against the actual data in the XML document.  The parsers will be built dynamically using the DTD, and then run against the applicable data elements as they are encountered.

Bonus: there should be no memory leaks.  In C and many other languages, if you have garbage collection at all, it’s slow.  In Mythryl, according to the lead developer, it’s devastatingly fast.

I’m also guessing that in production systems handling enterprise-levels of data we may run into problems.  But evaluating that capability is a future post and probably dependent on the cleverness of the programmers – not to mention contributions of other programmers in the areas of DB access, etc etc etc.

The Withering Middle Class

The Economic Policy Institute has estimated if the middle class had increased their incomes at the same rate the last several decades as the top 1% have, the average middle class family would be making $156,000 a year.  Instead, the average is currently $72,036.

(EPI defines the middle class as those in the nation’s 20% to 80% income range, and used data through 2011. It uses Congressional Budget Office data, which includes gains from investments, as well as certain public assistance and employer health insurance.)

This probably comes as no surprise to people who have been paying attention, even if the Economic Policy Institute is somewhat left-leaning.  There’s no doubt most middle class workers’ salaries have remained mostly flat for the past 20 years or so.  Meanwhile, the 1% have seen gains like few times in history.

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If you’re in the 1%, you might not see a problem, other than perhaps having to listen to lots of whining from the middle class.  But when productivity increases tremendously as it has, but the middle class don’t enjoy any additional benefits from the improved results of their labor, problems ensue.  And those problems are bad for the 1% as well.

There’s somewhat obvious problems.  One is that the demand for social support nets become greater.  If you’re a 1% right-wing voter, you might be inclined to attempt to cut government support for those social programs, so that at least you don’t have to pay more taxes to support them.

A crashing middle class also means a crashing market for goods and services sold to the middle class.  While multi-national corporations may weather such a problem in one country such as the USA, with an economy as large as ours, these problems tend to spread.  And not every business can be a large multi-national.

Similarly with other problems.  There may be no immediate repercussions to your feudally wealthy lifestyle.  But some day the bill always comes due.  Violent ends and insurrections result.  “Let them eat cake” has never been a successful policy.

Instead, I posit, as have many others, that what’s good for the middle class is good for the country and is good for the 1% as well.

Stratford

Reporting from Stratford, ON, at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, I should clarify to any who read this that my expertise, as it might be termed, is strictly as a casual theatre goer; a single college level course; an enthusiastic, but unrabid, fan of the annual Fringe.  Should plays cater to the enthusiast, the cultist, or the uninformed?


This evening was occupied with the viewing of a production of Possible Worlds, by John Mighton.


Off on another topic, the lady to the right of  my lovely wife, along with five or six other audience members, appeared to think the entire play was a comedy.  If the thought processes of some members of an audience are not congruent with those of the balance of the audience, are they fully members of the audience, or members of some other ontological category?

Am I?


The play concerns the actions of a man who is aware of a dozen, a hundred, possible lives, how he handles such an awareness – or how to break down when confronted with hundred variations of someone else.  Each decision brings forth the results for all of his possible decisions, and it’s gradually driving him towards isolation, paralysis, and all that follows.

How many times should someone have a chance to love that special someone?


The play concerns a man of a hundred lives, as he watches it change as he makes a decision.  As a science groupy, watching this reminded me of the Multiverse theory: the idea that new universes are generated each time a decision is made, such that all possible values of a decision are covered by the new additions of universes to the Multiverse.  Into this seemingly insane scientific maelstrom is injected a man who has become aware of himself in all of those other decisive Universes – his own little corner of the Multiverse.  He sees what happens in response to each decision – and then he tries to adjust for those decisions that went terribly wrong – and then those adjustments go –


Possible Worlds is a murder mystery play.  The victims have had their brain excised.


So, as a few members of the audience insistently laughed at inappropriate moments, I wondered at their laughter, it’s effect on my perceptions of the play, and whether they were, perhaps, plants intended to produce just such an effect.  Which did not stop me from feeling anger at their reactions; for God’s (Gods’?) sake, do you not feel any pity for these poor characters?  But the anger was diluted with suspicion of outside manipulation; mixing with exhaustion from today’s trip throws my emotional state off on a strange tangent of self-awareness, down a dusty lane hardly ever taken.

Good thing I didn’t follow through on my reactions.


Physically, the production stage consists of a pool of water, perhaps a half inch deep and maybe twenty feet in diameter, some floating boxes, a chair or two, and a concourse.  Lighting was critical, as it illuminated the functioning of brains, and projected certain textual information for the audience; most of the projections were on, or into, the pool of water, easily visible to the audience.  The Studio theatre, which will be the production’s home for the season, is a stadium-style venue, with a very high pitch; it will host 260 audience members.


As an audience member who may not be equipped with the same operating instructions as most of the rest of the audience, perhaps I reach very different conclusions than did the majority.  Did Mighton, the author, intend any conclusions?  The production’s program implies not; it also, coincidentally or not, mentions Dr. Mighton holds a doctorate in mathematics, so perhaps the Multiverse theory impacted the construction of the play, though not mentioned in the program.

Given my possible atypicality, is it appropriate to report my reactions to the production, as they may mislead potential attendees into mistaken expectations?  Were I truly circumspect, I would delete this report.  Instead, I offer it in the spirit of self-examination, in honor of this unusual mind-state borne of exhaustion and novel theatrical conception, as refracted by my peculiar preconceptions.


To my untrained and inexperienced eye, the acting seemed uneven; but I suspect this is a very hard play.  Portraying insanity, as at least two actors must, due to a break in the very fabric of reality, must be difficult, at least in a striking, empathetic manner.  But what defines a great performance of a role?  What does an actor strive to achieve?  I have given little thought to the matter and so should be cautious offering up judgments on the matter.

What happened to me in those other Universes where I was not so cautious?


The final act offers a rational explanation to the whole of the madness, a decision which I must admit, at least in this single production I have seen, I detest.  A full-fledged bull-roar of madness has been offered for the appreciation of the audience; and now that they have grasped the nettle in trying to accept it, they have it pulled away, the mad logic at once falsified through the removal of a foundation of the play: now it was all a dream.  A mad dream of a sane man, driven over the precipice by disembodiment and deprivation.  The nettle may leave its thorns embedded in the minds of the audience, but the poison is now dilute, and the more conventional audience members will nod and say to their dinner-mates, But it was just a dream, the rest was madness, and from madness one learns so little.  Care for another tart?

Best to have left this little peek into madness, of decision-making, and into a special little bit of scientific insanity, to stand defiantly on its own.